Денес заедно со Здружението на приватни лекари на Р. Македонија сакаме да ве информираме за новиот софтвер, со кој ќе ја унапредиме и олесниме работата на матичните лекари, а се однесува на полето на превенцијата која тие веќе ја спроведуваат.
Во договорите со Фондот за здравство, матичните лекари од општа пракса имаат обврска да спроведат мерки и активности за превенција и рано откривање на кардиоваскуларни болести, дијабетес и нефролошки заболувања, кои се трите најчести незаразни заболувања во Република Македонија. Овие превентивни мерки се спроведуваат на 1.3 милиони осигуреници на возраст од 14-65 години.
„Целта на воведување на превенција на овие три најчести заболувања е да придонесе кон намалување на бројот на идни пациенти заболени од овие болести, односно да се преземат сите превентивни активности за оваа ризична група на осигуреници да не ги развие овие заболувања и да се влијае на намалување на пациенти кои ќе завршат на дијализа, инсулинска терапија, како и да има помалку пациенти со срцеви и мозочни удари. За стимулирање на оваа активност секој матичен лекар преку Фондот добива 20% од капитацијата секој месец.
Извор: ФЗОМ - 13.08.2015
Violations of rights pose a fundamental threat to people’s health and well-being.
When police officers arrest or harass those who try to access needle-exchange services, they force people who use drugs to choose between their health and their liberty. When women are denied access to land and property, they face poverty, increased risk of HIV infection, and a diminished ability to cope with illness. When doctors violate Roma patients’ consent and confidentiality, they imbue medical care with humiliation and abuse. When dying patients and their families are too uninformed or overwhelmed to confront complex legal questions, they may leave inheritance questions unresolved, children uncared for, and social benefits unclaimed.
Thankfully, programs that improve people’s access to justice can help.
Since 2007, Open Society and our partners have experimented with a variety of approaches to improving access to justice for people who are socially marginalized—from people who use drugs and sex workers, to Roma, palliative care patients, and people living with HIV. We have found success with peer paralegals who are trusted members of the community being served. We’ve engaged lawyers who take their practice beyond the office walls and nine-to-five workday, to connect with communities where they are. We have integrated legal services into medical settings, bringing counselors into the doctor’s office. We have supported web-based legal advice, and harnessed traditional authorities—like local chiefs—to strengthen human rights understandings.
In our new publication, Justice Programs for Public Health: A Good Practice Guide, we take stock of our work and draw lessons to share more widely. In particular, six key findings emerge:
- Raising rights awareness is a prerequisite to legal services. Raising rights awareness for socially excluded groups is essential to effective justice programing. People will not access legal services until they understand that they have rights that are being violated. They need to be able to connect their experiences with the law and available remedies. Moreover, human rights trainings for duty bearers—such as law enforcement agents, government officials, and community leaders—are critical to creating an environment where rights are protected and enforced.
- Peers play a critical role. Paralegals drawn from the communities they serve have the community’s trust and, therefore, better access. They also have greater familiarity with community needs. As one sex worker said, “We speak the same language.” Community paralegals are particularly well placed to deliver rights education and provide “legal first aid,” responding quickly to violations, addressing multiple needs that are not just legal, and connecting their peers to further support as needed.
- Lawyers need to meet communities where they are. Lawyers can best serve socially excluded groups when “lawyering for the marginalized.” This entails working outside regular office hours, engaging in outreach, and meeting clients ”where they are at,” embracing a nonjudgmental, harm reduction philosophy. To address the needs of sex workers or people who use drugs, legal support must be available when abuse and arrests take place late at night. Similarly, to support people in need of palliative care or people living with HIV, legal services must be brought to the community, rather than requiring them to make a special trip. This means engaging clients through support groups and at street-based locations, harm reduction sites, detention centers, and more.
- Integrating law and health services leads to better access and care. Integrating legal services into trusted community health services increases access to justice, as well as enables holistic care. Just as HIV-specific clinics can tailor their medical care to the specific health needs of their patients, HIV-specific legal services housed in these clinics can provide customized services in a climate of respect and trust. In the context of harm reduction, palliative care, or HIV care, people are already accessing medical services. When legal services are added, it is possible to address some of the underlying determinants of ill health, such as discrimination, violence, and lack of housing, rather than just the symptoms. Justice serves as a powerful medicine, helping to heal.
- Legal services are not enough. Legal services for socially excluded groups generally work best when paired with psychosocial support and other services. Sex workers and people who use drugs may benefit from the services of a social worker to help stabilize their lives. Palliative care patients may need pain relief, as well as psychological and spiritual support. When these additional services are provided, people are in a better position to follow up with a case. Effective referral networks and follow-up are thus essential.
- Legal services are a step towards systemic change. It is not possible to strive for systemic change without addressing a community’s pressing daily concerns, including basic safety. Individual-level legal services further lay the groundwork for addressing systemic abuse by surfacing issues for broader advocacy. Legal services and advocacy are thus interlinked and complement each other.
We hope the Good Practice Guide will inspire others to recognize the critical importance of justice for health, leading to expansion of this work and interest by investors in health. We hope others will build on our lessons, sharing their own insights and good practices, bringing justice to health in other regions, as well as to socially excluded populations more broadly.
July 8, 2015
NEW YORK/GENEVA, 1 August, 2015 - Every year, the global community sets aside a week to draw attention to the vital importance of breastfeeding, not only in the lives of the most disadvantaged children but also in the strength of societies. The theme of this year’s World Breastfeeding Week, Breastfeeding and Work -- Let’s make it work!, focuses on what we can do to help millions of working mothers give their babies the best possible start in life -- by supporting stronger workplace policies that promote breastfeeding.
We know that breastfeeding helps children to survive and thrive -- enabling infants to withstand infections, providing critical nutrients for the early development of their brains and bodies, and strengthening the bond between mothers and their babies. And the benefits of breastfeeding last a lifetime. A recent Lancet study found that infants who were breastfed for at least one year went on to stay in school longer, score higher on intelligence tests, and earn more as adults than those who were breastfed for only a month.
Despite this growing evidence, only 38 per cent of infants around the world today are breastfed exclusively for even the recommended first six months of life. And while breastfeeding rates have increased in all regions of the world, global progress has stalled.
The World Health Assembly has set a global target of increasing exclusive breastfeeding rates for children under six months of age to at least 50 per cent by 2025. To achieve this ambitious and very important goal, we need to tackle all the barriers to breastfeeding.
Governments should lead the charge by making breastfeeding a policy priority in national development plans, increasing resources for programming that supports breastfeeding, and working with communities and families to promote the full benefits of breastfeeding.
But we should also do more to overcome an obstacle that prevents potentially millions of women from breastfeeding: Workplace policies that do not support the right of working mothers to breastfeed their babies on the job.
Today, of the approximately 830 million women workers in the world, the majority do not benefit from workplace policies that support nursing mothers . And this figure does not include women working in informal, seasonal or part-time employment -- often the poorest women in poorer countries -- who may face even greater barriers to continued breastfeeding.
This is not only a loss to working mothers and their babies. It is also a loss to employers. Working mothers with adequate maternity benefits -- including a breastfeeding-supportive workplace -- report increased job satisfaction and greater loyalty to their employers. Breastfed children fall sick less often, so their mothers are absent from work less often, too. These effects in turn contribute to higher productivity -- ultimately benefiting businesses and the larger economies to which they contribute.
Recognizing these connections, the International Labour Organization has adopted three Conventions to establish protective measures for pregnant women and new mothers, including the right to continue breastfeeding -- and to promote feasible options for women who are outside formal work settings. Globally, 67 countries have ratified at least one of the three maternity protection Conventions. More governments should join this growing movement -- and take action to implement these important protections.
We know that breastfeeding improves the lives of millions of children and ultimately benefits families, communities, and societies. Our challenge now is to make breastfeeding work in the workplace, too. Together, we can help working women to breastfeed and reap the benefits for themselves, for their children, and for the health and well-being of future generations.
- Anthony Lake, UNICEF Executive Director and Dr. Margaret Chan, WHO Director General
Download broadcast quality video and photos here http://uni.cf/1IjTJTy
Извор: УНИЦЕФ и Светска здравствена организација
01.08.2015
Women laborers carry bricks at a factory on the outskirts of Agartala, capital of
India’s northeastern state of Tripura, January 7, 2015 – Photo: Reuters, Jayanta Dey
Author Amy Lee writes for the Women's Environment and Development Organization (WEDO), in partnership with the UNFCCC Women and Gender Constituency.
9 June 2015 - Three years on from the U.N. climate change conference in Doha, where governments specifically committed to promoting gender balance and improving women’s participation in climate change negotiations, women are still fighting for just consideration in dialogue and policy.
Post-Doha, a regular spot on the agenda of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has been reserved for “gender and climate change”. Yet despite the agreement of countries to the Convention that gender equality and human rights are necessary factors in effective climate change action, international action remains nebulous.
In Lima, the Women and Gender Constituency called for gender equality to be a guiding principle in the new global climate agreement. As we lead up to the Paris conference at the end of this year (COP21), the urgency of this call for the conscientious inclusion of gender equality and human rights to an ambitious new climate agenda only increases.
The UNFCCC has invited countries to submit their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) prior to COP21’s negotiation of a new climate agreement. INDCs will be a country’s primary means of communicating their planned post-2020 national climate actions.
They are significant as, unlike at the international level, climate action at national and sub-national levels is progressing at much swifter pace, with many groups considering it in their interest to better prepare for climate change impacts. With the majority of INDCs still to come, support for inclusiveness and fair consideration by countries still in the process of preparing INDCs is critical.
The Fourth Assessment Report (2007) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) notes that climate change impacts will differ according to gender because of the different capacities, opportunities, and vulnerabilities of men and women.
Women, who make up 70 percent of the world’s poor, face greater challenges and are more vulnerable to climate variability as gender often restricts their rights, mobility, access to resources, political voice and decision-making abilities.
With family and community responsibilities, local knowledge and expertise, women also hold incredible potential as resources for mitigation and adaptation. Actions taken to build effective responses to climate change require an understanding of how gender affects all of these dynamics, and should ensure equal participation in climate action and decision-making.
Currently, most INDCs, such as those submitted by the USA, EU, and Russia, make no mention of gender or human rights. While the targets set in them are an important national standard for countries, they are not enough to secure meaningful impact, safeguard rights or guarantee just and sustainable investment.
Mexico, as the first developing country to submit an INDC, serves as a strong example of inclusiveness, making overt in its commitments the intent to implement a gender perspective and a human rights approach, as well as inclusive consultations.
Amid the technicalities of metrics and hydrofluorocarbons, Mexico maintains the importance of implementing measures that take into account women as vital collaborators and decision-makers, and ensuring that interventions do not exacerbate or have disproportionately adverse effects.
Morocco has since followed Mexico to become the second country to include gender and human rights considerations in its INDC.
LACK OF EFFECTIVE ACTION
Now is a pivotal time to act on climate change. The dismal pace of international negotiations, paralysis of dialogue, and failure to reach consensus on emission targets has effectively bottlenecked broad-scale climate action.
With both post-Millennium Development Goals and a new climate agreement to be negotiated this year, it is imperative to push governments to commit to their legal obligations on climate change, and ensure that actions planned or taken respect rights, are appropriate, socially and economically sustainable and do no harm.
Experience, particularly with the lack of effective action on gender and human rights policies in climate negotiation and financing despite high-level international conventions, demonstrates the need to make these commitments intentionality explicit.
Building on the momentum of Mexico and Morocco’s INDCs, climate dialogue, policy and action need to involve all vested interests, not simply those with the most power and influence. Failure to do so equates to disastrous implications for the future, particularly in the global south.
With so much at stake, countries currently completing their INDC submissions are strongly urged to consider the importance of a gender perspective and account for women in climate dialogue and action.
They are also urged to ensure the collaboration of civil society, and design mechanisms and policies with a human rights approach. These measures ensure ownership of the process by communities, civil society, and marginalised groups, increasing active participation and the potential of success for policies and interventions.
Without such measures, governments risk the estrangement and indifference of large groups within society who have no stake in climate work, and no incentive to successfully engage toward national targets which have potentially been set to their detriment.
Climate change is a difficult enough issue for the world to tackle without the alienation of more than half of the global population. The inclusion and consideration of women, human rights and civil society contributions can only help the process, not hinder it.
Повеќе: http://www.trust.org/item/20150608210640-sjvlb/?source=spotlight
Source: WUNRN, 31.07.2015
Exploitation and trafficking of victims, is a growing phenomenon in a world awash in conflict and natural disasters. “Trafficking in persons not only flourishes during a disaster, it is a direct result of disasters, every bit as much as the infrastructural damages, the loss of life or the food shortages which garner far more attention,” said IOM Director General William Lacy Swing . “In all three categories of disaster – conflict zones, natural calamities, or man-made disasters – this study found that the lack of normalcy allowed traffickers to exploit existing or crisis-induced vulnerabilities.”
Direct Link to Full 13-Page 2015 Study Report:
http://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/press_release/file/CT_in_Crisis_FINAL.pdf
Source: WUNRN 31.07.2015
